This commentary explores biological models of analogical and associative learning in support of Illusion 1 and Illusion 4 in D. Noble’s target article. The intent is to support Noble’s theses of emergent higher level functionality from lower level stochastic dynamics and his etiological claim that “there is no privileged level of causation” through a biosemiotic lens. Upon these arguments, a case for creative agency via higher-dimensional constraints will also be made in support of Noble’s claim that organismic behavior is actively (...) directed by an agent. (shrink)

Los estudios recientes sobre el pensamiento político de Unamuno han venido adscribiéndolo al liberalismo sin insertar su pensamiento en el desarrollo histórico del pensamiento liberal. Es por ello por lo que en este artículo acometemos una revisión del liberalismo de Unamuno, ubicando sus ideas en la historia del pensamiento liberal. Ello nos llevará a matizar las etiquetas políticas que se han puesto a Unamuno, así como a alcanzar las siguientes conclusiones: 1) Unamuno carecía de un conocimiento profundo del liberalismo según (...) éste se consolidó en la filosofía política de su tiempo; 2) su liberalismo oscila entre el liberalismo social y el liberalismo individualista, 3) propendiendo en los años treinta al liberalismo individualista de Mill y Spencer, precursor del liberal conservadurismo. (shrink)

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain (...) in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. (shrink)

In cells, microtubules (MTs) assemble from α/β‐tubulin subunits at nucleation sites containing the γ‐tubulin ring complex (γ‐TuRC). Within the γ‐TuRC, exposed γ‐tubulin molecules act as templates for MT assembly by interacting with α/β‐tubulin. The vertebrate γ‐TuRC is scaffolded by γ‐tubulin‐interacting proteins GCP2‐6 arranged in a specific order. Interestingly, the γ‐tubulin molecules in the γ‐TuRC deviate from the cylindrical geometry of MTs, raising the question of how the γ‐TuRC structure changes during MT nucleation. Recent studies on the structure of the vertebrate (...) γ‐TuRC attached to the end of MTs came to varying conclusions. In vitro assembly of MTs, facilitated by an α‐tubulin mutant, resulted in a closed, cylindrical γ‐TuRC showing canonical interactions between all γ‐tubulin molecules and α/β‐tubulin subunits. Conversely, native MTs formed in a frog extract were capped by a partially closed γ‐TuRC, with some γ‐tubulin molecules failing to align with α/β‐tubulin. This review discusses these outcomes, along with the broader implications. (shrink)

Tick and tick-borne diseases, especially East Coast fever, caused byTheileria parva, are amongst the most important factors limiting cattle production in Eastern, Central, and Southern Africa. In the past, they have been controlled mainly by the use of acaricides to kill ticks. Immunization has been shown to be an effective alternative method of control of tick-borne diseases in limited field trials. A development program has been initiated to produce vaccines and implement immunization on a wide scale in the region in (...) a sustainable manner as part of an integrated tick and tickborne disease control program. The consequent reduction in cattle mortality is expected to have far-reaching benefits for the region. (shrink)

This is a summary of “Toward a Global Media Ethics: Theoretical Perspectives,” which appeared in Ecquid Novi: African Journalism Studies , 29(2), 2008, 135-172. The article was written by Clifford G. Christians, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Shakuntala Rao, State University of New York-Plattsburgh; Stephen J. A. Ward, University of Wisconsin-Madison; and Herman Wasserman, University of Sheffield. It was the result of a workshop on global media ethics by the article's authors hosted by the Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS) (...) at the University of Stellenbosch, South Africa. The authors brought to the discussion the different perspectives of contractualism, communitarianism, and critical theory. The intention of the summary is to the draw the attention of scholars and ethicists outside the readership of Ecquid Novi to this leading-edge theoretical work. It is hoped the summary will stimulate comment and further work in global media ethics. The summary is not intended to replace the original article. Readers should consult the original for the full argument. (shrink)

This chapter defends the project of global media ethics against the skeptics. The overall question for this chapter can be stated as follows: Is the creation of global media ethics as a whole a realistic and desirable goal? The chapter proceeds by exploring, and responding to, the major criticisms of the project and its idea of moral globalism. It then presents a realistic conception of what can be achieved by global media ethics. The chapter concludes that it is both rational (...) and practically worthwhile to support the project of global media ethics. (shrink)

Filosofische ponering van de subjectiviteit van elke interpretatie.